In the same way a machine experiences wear and tear the tissues in our joints can become damaged when the lubricating synovial fluid present there becomes thin and watery. Normal cushioning is lost so the bones and cartilage scrape against each other. Additionally weakened bursa sacs in the joints can cause tendons to rub against the edges of bones, increasing the chance that the cartilage will erode and cause problems.

A deficiency of glucosamine, an amino sugar normally formed from glucose and present in the synovial fluid is believed to contribute to this specific tissue weakness.

The latest study on glucosamine, published in a reputable journal, Lancet, is the latest in a growing body of research that supports the use of a glucosamine sulfate supplement for joint injuries and osteoarthritis. In the placebo group (they got a sugar pill instead of glucosamine), the space between the bones in the knee joint got smaller (an objective measure that arthritis progressed). This did not happen in the glucosamine sulfate supplemented group.

Before I tell you how glucosamine should be taken, let me warn you. There is also a double-blind, placebo-controlled 12-week study at the Los Angeles College of Chiropractic that suggested (in a small group of participants) that taking glucosamine sulfate decreased the metabolic actions of insulin, particularly in diabetics and obese subjects. So, if you are overweight, have diabetes or avoid sugar for medical reasons you may have an increased risk of adverse reactions to glucosamine.

Glucosamine sulfate supplements are made from chitin, a byproduct of shrimp and crab processing. If you use it be aware that the enthusiasm for this supplement has generated unscrupulous purveyors selling products that contain unacceptable levels of manganese. Others don't provide the dose the bottle says it does. So, you should ALWAYS buy your product from a reputable company providing a standardized dose. Additionally, many glucosamine sulfate supplements are formulated with chondroitin, which was not tested. You can avoid the stomach upset, heartburn, nausea or indigestion some people experience by taking the supplement with food.

The dose YOU need depends on your weight. To calculate YOUR dose, multiply your weight in pounds by 9. Divide the answer by 3 and take that amount in the morning, in the afternoon and in the evening for three to six months. Then you can reduce the dose by one third. After a few more months the dose can be reduced by one-third again.

Last but not least, if you are taking any prescription drug or another herb be sure to discuss adding glucosamine to the mix with your doctor.